Sec. 46b-38c. Family violence response and intervention units. Local units. Duties and functions. Protective orders. Electronic monitoring pilot program. Pretrial family violence education program; fees. Training program.

(a) There shall be family violence response and intervention units in the Connecticut judicial system to respond to cases involving family violence. The units shall be coordinated and governed by formal agreement between the Chief State's Attorney and the Judicial Department.

(b) The Court Support Services Division, in accordance with the agreement between the Chief State's Attorney and the Judicial Department, shall establish within each geographical area of the Superior Court a local family violence intervention unit to implement sections 46b-1, 46b-15, 46b-38a to 46b-38f, inclusive, and 54-1g. The Court Support Services Division shall oversee direct operations of the local units.

(c) Each such local family violence intervention unit shall: (1) Accept referrals of family violence cases from a judge or prosecutor, (2) prepare written or oral reports on each case for the court by the next court date to be presented at any time during the court session on that date, (3) provide or arrange for services to victims and offenders, (4) administer contracts to carry out such services, and (5) establish centralized reporting procedures. All information provided to a family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor employed by the Judicial Department in a local family violence intervention unit shall be used solely for the purposes of preparation of the report and the protective order forms for each case and recommendation of services and shall otherwise be confidential and retained in the files of such unit and not be subject to subpoena or other court process for use in any other proceeding or for any other purpose, except that a family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor employed by the Judicial Department:

(A) Shall disclose to the court and the prosecuting authority for appropriate action information that the victim has indicated that the defendant holds a permit to carry a pistol or revolver, possesses one or more firearms or possesses ammunition;

(B) Shall disclose to an employee of the Department of Children and Families information that indicates that a defendant poses a danger or threat to a child or a custodial parent of the child;

(C) May disclose to another family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor information pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Chief Court Administrator;

(D) May disclose to a bail commissioner or an intake, assessment and referral specialist employed by the Judicial Department information regarding a defendant who is on or is being considered for pretrial release;

(E) May disclose to a law enforcement agency information that indicates that a defendant poses a danger or threat to another person;

(F) May disclose, after disposition of a family violence case, to a probation officer or a juvenile probation officer, for purposes of determining service needs and supervision levels, information regarding a defendant who has been convicted and sentenced to a period of probation in the family violence case;

(G) May disclose, after a conviction in a family violence case, to a probation officer for the purpose of preparing a presentence investigation report, any information regarding the defendant that has been provided to the family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor in the case or in any other case that resulted in the conviction of the defendant;

(H) May disclose to any organization under contract with the Judicial Department to provide family violence programs and services, for the purpose of determining program and service needs, information regarding any defendant who is a client of such organization, provided no information that personally identifies the victim may be disclosed to such organization; and

(I) Shall disclose such information as may be necessary to fulfill such counselor’s, trainee's or supervisor's duty as a mandated reporter under section 17a-101a to report suspected child abuse or neglect.

(d) In all cases of family violence, a written or oral report that indicates whether the parties in the family violence case are parties to a case pending on the family relations docket of the Superior Court and includes recommendation of the local family violence intervention unit shall be available to a judge at the first court date appearance to be presented at any time during the court session on that date. A judge of the Superior Court may consider and impose the following conditions to protect the parties, including, but not limited to: (1) Issuance of a protective order pursuant to subsection (e) of this section; (2) prohibition against subjecting the victim to further violence; (3) referral to a family violence education program for persons who commit acts of family violence; and (4) immediate referral for more extensive case assessment. Such protective order shall be an order of the court, and the clerk of the court shall cause (A) a copy of such order to be sent to the victim, and (B) a copy of such order, or the information contained in such order, to be sent by facsimile or other means within forty-eight hours of its issuance to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the victim resides and, if the defendant resides in a town different from the town in which the victim resides, to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the defendant resides. If the victim is employed in a town different from the town in which the victim resides, the clerk of the court shall, upon the request of the victim, send, by facsimile or other means, a copy of such order, or the information contained in such order, to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the victim is employed not later than forty-eight hours after the issuance of such order. If the victim is enrolled in a public or private elementary or secondary school, including a technical education and career school, or an institution of higher education, as defined in section 10a-55, the clerk of the court shall, upon the request of the victim, send, by facsimile or other means, a copy of such order, or the information contained in such order, to such school or institution of higher education, the president of any institution of higher education at which the victim is enrolled and the special police force established pursuant to section 10a-156b, if any, at the institution of higher education at which the victim is enrolled, if the victim provides the clerk with the name and address of such school or institution of higher education.

(e) A protective order issued under this section may include provisions necessary to protect the victim from threats, harassment, injury or intimidation by the defendant, including, but not limited to, an order enjoining the defendant from (1) imposing any restraint upon the person or liberty of the victim, (2) threatening, harassing, assaulting, molesting or sexually assaulting the victim, or (3) entering the family dwelling or the dwelling of the victim. A protective order issued under this section may include provisions necessary to protect any animal owned or kept by the victim including, but not limited to, an order enjoining the defendant from injuring or threatening to injure such animal. Such order shall be made a condition of the bail or release of the defendant and shall contain the following notification: “In accordance with section 53a-223 of the Connecticut general statutes, any violation of this order constitutes criminal violation of a protective order which is punishable by a term of imprisonment of not more than ten years, a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or both. Additionally, in accordance with section 53a-107 of the Connecticut general statutes, entering or remaining in a building or any other premises in violation of this order constitutes criminal trespass in the first degree which is punishable by a term of imprisonment of not more than one year, a fine of not more than two thousand dollars, or both. Violation of this order also violates a condition of your bail or release, and may result in raising the amount of bail or revoking release.” Every order of the court made in accordance with this section after notice and hearing shall be accompanied by a notification that is consistent with the full faith and credit provisions set forth in 18 USC 2265(a), as amended from time to time. The information contained in and concerning the issuance of any protective order issued under this section shall be entered in the registry of protective orders pursuant to section 51-5c.

(f) The Judicial Department may establish, within available appropriations, a pilot program in three judicial districts for the purpose of using electronic monitoring in accordance with this subsection. Such pilot program shall be conducted in at least one judicial district that contains an urban area, as defined in section 4b-13, and at least one judicial district that does not contain such an urban area. Pursuant to such pilot program, the court may order that any person appearing in such judicial district who is charged with the violation of a restraining order or a protective order, and who has been determined to be a high-risk offender by the family violence intervention unit, be subject to electronic monitoring designed to warn law enforcement agencies, a state-wide information collection center and the victim when the person is within a specified distance of the victim, if the court finds that such electronic monitoring is necessary to protect the victim, provided the cost of such electronic monitoring is paid by the person who is subject to such electronic monitoring, subject to guidelines established by the Chief Court Administrator. If the court orders that such person be subject to electronic monitoring, the clerk of the court shall send, by facsimile or other means, a copy of the order, or the information contained in any such order, to the law enforcement agency or agencies for the town in which the person resides. The Judicial Department shall cease operation of any pilot program established under this subsection not later than March 31, 2011, unless resources are available to continue operation of the pilot program. On and after July 1, 2012, the Judicial Department may resume operation of the pilot program, within available resources, and may operate such pilot program in one or more additional judicial districts, within such available resources.

(g) (1) In cases referred to the local family violence intervention unit, it shall be the function of the unit to (A) identify victim service needs, (B) assess offenders for the purpose of identifying appropriate services, (C) monitor compliance with program requirements by offenders who are allowed to participate in the pretrial family violence education program described in subsection (h) of this section, and (D) monitor offenders who have been referred to pretrial services or programs.

(2) The Judicial Department may contract with victim service providers to make available, either directly or through referral, appropriate services that include, but are not limited to, the provision of trauma-informed care, as defined in subsection (f) of section 46b-38b.

(3) The Judicial Department may contract with service providers to provide domestic violence offender treatment programs for offenders referred by the court. Such treatment programs shall comply with the domestic violence offender program standards promulgated under section 46b-38l. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to the pretrial family violence education program described in subsection (h) of this section.

(h) (1) There shall be a pretrial family violence education program for persons who are charged with family violence crimes. At a minimum, such program shall inform participants of the basic elements of family violence law and applicable penalties. The court may, in its discretion, invoke such program on motion of the defendant when it finds: (A) That the defendant has not previously been convicted of a family violence crime which occurred on or after October 1, 1986; (B) the defendant has not had a previous case assigned to the family violence education program; (C) the defendant has not previously invoked or accepted accelerated rehabilitation under section 54-56e for a family violence crime which occurred on or after October 1, 1986; and (D) that the defendant is not charged with a class A, class B or class C felony, or an unclassified felony carrying a term of imprisonment of more than ten years, or unless good cause is shown, a class D felony, an unclassified offense carrying a term of imprisonment of more than five years or an offense that involved the infliction of serious physical injury, as defined in section 53a-3. Participation by any person in the accelerated pretrial rehabilitation program under section 54-56e prior to October 1, 1986, shall not prohibit eligibility of such person for the pretrial family violence education program under this section. The court may require that the defendant answer such questions under oath, in open court or before any person designated by the clerk and duly authorized to administer oaths, under the penalties of perjury as will assist the court in making these findings.

(2) The court, on such motion, may refer the defendant to the family violence intervention unit, and may continue the defendant's case pending the submission of the report of the unit to the court. The court shall also give notice to the victim or victims that the defendant has requested assignment to the family violence education program, and, where possible, give the victim or victims opportunity to be heard. Any defendant who accepts placement in the family violence education program shall agree to the tolling of any statute of limitations with respect to the crime or crimes with which the defendant is charged, and to a waiver of the defendant's right to a speedy trial. Any such defendant shall appear in court and shall be released to the custody of the family violence intervention unit for such period, not exceeding two years, and under such conditions as the court shall order. If the defendant refuses to accept, or, having accepted, violates such conditions, the defendant's case shall be brought to trial. If the defendant satisfactorily completes the family violence education program and complies with the conditions imposed for the period set by the court, the defendant may apply for dismissal of the charges against the defendant and the court, on finding satisfactory compliance, shall dismiss such charges.

(3) Upon dismissal of charges under this subsection, all records of such charges shall be erased pursuant to section 54-142a.

(i) A nonrefundable application fee of one hundred dollars shall be paid to the court by any person who files a motion pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (h) of this section to participate in the pretrial family violence education program, and a fee of three hundred dollars shall be paid to the court by any person who enters the family violence education program, except that no person shall be excluded from such program for inability to pay any such fee, provided (1) the person files with the court an affidavit of indigency or inability to pay, and (2) the court enters a finding thereof. All such fees shall be credited to the General Fund.

(j) The Judicial Department shall establish an ongoing training program for judges, Court Support Services Division personnel, guardians ad litem and clerks to inform them about the policies and procedures of sections 46b-1, 46b-15, 46b-38a to 46b-38f, inclusive, and 54-1g, including, but not limited to, the function of the family violence intervention units and the use of restraining and protective orders. Such training program shall include an examination of the factors that contribute to a family being at risk for episodes of domestic violence within the family. The Judicial Branch may consult with organizations that advocate on behalf of victims of domestic violence in order to ensure that the training includes information on the unique characteristics of family violence crimes.

(P.A. 86-337, S. 3; P.A. 87-567, S. 3, 7; P.A. 89-219, S. 1, 10; P.A. 91-6, S. 2, 3; 91-24, S. 3; 91-381, S. 4; P.A. 93-280, S. 2; 93-343; P.A. 96-180, S. 125, 166; 96-246, S. 33, 34; P.A. 97-126, S. 2; P.A. 01-130, S. 13; P.A. 02-132, S. 13, 14, 55; P.A. 03-202, S. 5; P.A. 05-288, S. 157; P.A. 06-196, S. 170; P.A. 07-78, S. 2; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-7, S. 65; P.A. 10-43, S. 13; 10-144, S. 3; P.A. 11-152, S. 4; P.A. 12-114, S. 3, 6, 24; 12-133, S. 42; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 131; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 98; P.A. 13-3, S. 38; 13-214, S. 3, 12; P.A. 14-217, S. 125; 14-234, S. 10; P.A 15-211, S. 21; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 441; P.A. 16-71, S. 13; P.A. 17-163, S. 3; 17-237, S. 114; P.A. 18-5, S. 4.)

History: P.A. 87-567 amended Subsec. (c) by adding “to be presented at any time during the court session on that date” and provision re confidentiality of information provided to family relations officer; amended Subsec. (d) by adding “to be presented at any time during the court session on that date”; and amended Subsec. (g) by changing $200 fee to $50 fee; P.A. 89-219 amended Subsec. (g) by increasing the fee to $100; P.A. 91-6 deleted Subsec. (c)(5) re provision of monitoring systems for all restraining and protective orders; P.A. 91-24 amended Subsec. (f) to authorize the court to require the defendant to answer questions under oath “before any person designated by the clerk and duly authorized to administer oaths”; P.A. 91-381 amended Subsec. (d) by adding “pursuant to subsection (e)” after “protective order” and inserted new Subsec. (e) re provisions of protective order, including specific language required to be contained in such order and requiring that order be made a condition of bail or release of defendant, relettering remaining Subsecs. as necessary; P.A. 93-280 amended Subsec. (h) by increasing the fee for person entering family violence education program from $100 to $200; P.A. 93-343 amended Subsec. (e) by adding provision re establishment of twenty-four-hour registry of protective orders on the Connecticut on-line law enforcement communications teleprocessing system; P.A. 96-180 made technical change in Subsec. (e) by changing fine from $1,000 to $2,000 in accordance with P.A. 92-256, effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 96-246 amended Subsecs. (b) and (i) by deleting references to Sec. 17a-101(e) and Sec. 17a-107; P.A. 97-126 amended Subsec. (e) by adding required language in protective order re jurisdiction, notice and hearing, and validity and enforceability of order; P.A. 01-130 amended Subsec. (c) to add exception to the requirement that information provided to the family relations officer remain confidential by providing that if the victim has indicated that the defendant holds a permit to carry a pistol or revolver or possesses one or more firearms the family relations officer shall disclose such information to the court and the prosecuting authority and amended Subsec. (d) to make a technical change, to reposition language re nature and distribution of a protective order and to replace the requirement that the clerk send a certified copy of the order to the “appropriate law enforcement agency” with requirement that the clerk send a copy of the order to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the victim resides, to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the respondent resides if different than the town in which the victim resides and, if requested by the victim, to the law enforcement agency for the town in which the victim is employed if different than the town in which the victim resides; P.A. 02-132 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “Family Relations Division of the Superior Court” and “Family Relations Division” with “Court Support Services Division”, effective October 1, 2002, amended Subsec. (c) by adding provisions re preparation of protective order forms and disclosure of information for appropriate action and making technical changes, amended Subsec. (d) by replacing provisions re sending certified copy of order to law enforcement agency with provisions re sending copy of or information contained in order to law enforcement agency by facsimile or other means and making technical changes and amended Subsec. (e) by deleting provisions re Department of Public Safety registry of protective orders, adding provisions re entry of information into registry of protective orders pursuant to Sec. 51-5c and making technical changes, effective January 1, 2003, and amended Subsec. (i) by replacing “Family Division personnel” with “Court Support Services Division personnel”, deleting reference to bail commissioners and making a technical change, effective October 1, 2002; P.A. 03-202 amended Subsec. (e) by revising language required to be contained in protective order to specify five-year term of imprisonment and $5,000 fine for criminal violation of a protective order and make a conforming change; P.A. 05-288 made technical changes in Subsec. (e), effective July 13, 2005; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsec. (d), effective June 7, 2006; P.A. 07-78 amended Subsec. (e) by adding provision authorizing protective order to include provisions necessary to protect any animal owned or kept by the victim; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-7 amended Subsec. (g) to provide that program shall inform participants of basic elements of family violence law and applicable penalties and to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2010; P.A. 10-43 amended Subsec. (c) to replace “family relations officer” with “family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor employed by the Judicial Department”, designate existing provision re disclosure of information re firearms permit or possession as Subpara. (A) and amend same to replace “family relations officer” with “family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor” and add provision, codified by the Revisors as Subpara. (G), re disclosure of information re suspected child abuse or neglect; P.A. 10-144 amended Subsec. (c) to replace “family relations officer” with “family relations counselor, family relations counselor trainee or family services supervisor employed by the Judicial Branch”, designate existing provision re disclosure of information re firearms permit or possession as Subpara. (A) and add Subparas. (B) to (F) re permitted disclosures, amended Subsec. (d)(A) to delete “certified” re copy of order, amended Subsec. (e) to replace requirement re specific language in order re jurisdiction, notice, hearing and validity and enforceability of order with requirement that order indicate that it is accorded full faith and credit pursuant to 18 USC 2265, inserted new Subsec. (f) re electronic monitoring pilot program, redesignated existing Subsecs. (f) to (i) as Subsecs. (g) to (j), and made technical changes; P.A. 11-152 substituted “Judicial Department” for “Judicial Branch”, amended Subsec. (c) to substitute “Shall disclose” for “May disclose” and add “custodial” re parent in Subpara. (B), delete clause (i) and (ii) designators in Subpara. (F) and reposition existing clause (ii) provisions re disclosure to organizations under contract with Judicial Branch to new Subpara. (H) with added proviso that no information personally identify the victim, insert new Subpara. (G) re disclosure to probation officer for purpose of preparing presentence investigation report, redesignate existing Subpara. (G) as Subpara. (I) and make a technical change, amended Subsec. (e) to substitute “notification” for “language” and replace provision re language to be included in order with requirement that order be accompanied by notification consistent with full faith and credit provisions in 18 USC 2265(a), amended Subsec. (g) to add provisions re trauma-informed care, amended Subsec. (h) to insert new Subdiv. designators and make conforming changes, and amended Subsec. (i) to require nonrefundable application fee of $100, increase program entry fee from $200 to $300 and make a technical change; P.A. 12-114 amended Subsec. (g) to redefine “trauma-informed care”, effective July 1, 2012, and amended Subsec. (d) to add provisions re report to judge to indicate whether the parties are parties to a case on the family relations docket and re clerk of court to send copy of order to school at which victim is enrolled, and make technical changes, and amended Subsec. (h)(1)(D) to disqualify offender from the pretrial family violence education program if offense involved infliction of serious physical injury, effective October 1, 2012; P.A. 12-133 amended Subsec. (c) by adding reference to intake, assessment and referral specialist in Subpara. (D); June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1 amended Subsec. (f) to allow Judicial Department to resume operation of pilot program and operate same in additional judicial districts within available resources, effective July 1, 2012; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 amended Subsec. (d) to substitute “technical high school” for “regional vocational technical school”; P.A. 13-3 amended Subsec. (c)(5)(A) to require disclosure to court and prosecuting authority if victim has indicated the defendant possesses ammunition; P.A. 13-214 amended Subsec. (d) to substitute “persons who commit acts of family violence” for “batterers” and amended Subsec. (j) to extend ongoing training program to guardians ad litem; P.A. 14-217 amended Subsec. (e) to replace reference to 5 years and $5,000 with reference to 10 years and $10,000 re required language in order re penalty for criminal violation of a protective order, effective January 1, 2015; P.A. 14-234 amended Subsec. (j) to add provision allowing Judicial Branch to consult with organizations that advocate on behalf of victims of domestic violence to ensure that training includes information on unique characteristics of family violence crimes; P.A. 15-211 amended Subsec. (g) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and amending same by redesignating existing Subdiv. (1) re identification of victim service needs as Subpara. (A), deleting provision re making appropriate services available, former Subdiv. (2) re identifying appropriate offender services and definition of “trauma-informed care”, and adding Subparas. (B) and (C) re assessment of offenders and compliance monitoring, by adding new Subdiv. (2) re Judicial Department may contract with victim service providers, and by adding Subdiv. (3) re Judicial Department may contract with service providers to provide domestic violence offender treatment programs, effective January 1, 2016; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subsec. (g)(1) by adding Subpara. (D) re monitoring offenders referred to pretrial services or programs, effective January 1, 2016; P.A. 16-71 amended Subsec. (j) by adding provision re training program to include examination of factors that contribute to family being at risk for episodes of domestic violence; P.A. 17-163 amended Subsec. (d) to add provision re victim providing name and address of school or institution of higher education to clerk, effective January 1, 2018; P.A. 17-237 amended Subsec. (d) by replacing “technical high school” with “technical education and career school”, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 18-5 amended Subsec. (g)(2) by replacing reference to Sec. 46b-38b(d) with reference to Sec. 46b-38b(f), effective January 1, 2019.

Notation

Cited. 219 C. 752. The trial court may issue a criminal protective order at defendant's arraignment after consideration of oral argument and the family violence intervention unit's report; the trial court is required to hold, at defendant's request at arraignment, a subsequent hearing within a reasonable period of time at which the state will be required to prove the continued necessity of the order by a fair preponderance of the evidence, which may include reliable hearsay testimony, and defendant will have an opportunity to proffer relevant evidence; legislature did not intend for this section and Sec. 54-63c(b) to entitle defendant to an evidentiary hearing beyond consideration of parties' arguments and unit's report prior to the initial issuance of a criminal protective order at arraignment, which may occur within hours of the alleged incident of family violence. 294 C. 1.

Cited. 45 CA 722. Writ of error challenging the constitutionality of this statute was improper where Sec. 54-63g provides exclusive remedy of petition for review of an order concerning release. 110 CA 653.

Ability to issue a protective order, which is a restriction on defendant's liberty, is not punitive but is meant to protect victims of family violence, and the state has a legitimate and significant interest in doing so; creation of a class of victims and defendants does not affect prosecution of any crime, does not afford victim greater rights with regard to defendant's prosecution, and is a legitimate classification, being neither arbitrary nor irrational, and thus does not violate equal protection rights; defendant's due process rights were not violated by issuance of a protective order without an adversarial hearing; issuance of a protective order is not in the nature of a trial, so defendant was not denied right to an impartial tribunal; summons for disorderly conduct and report from an officer is sufficient information to find beyond a preponderance of the evidence that a protective order should be issued; there is no right against self-incrimination since information was not used in defendant's criminal case, but only to determine whether to issue a protective order. 46 CS 598.

Subsec. (e):

Nothing in Subsec. prohibits state from bringing charges for other criminal acts in addition to violation of protective order. 151 CA 590.

Subsec. (g):

Subsec. does not provide for automatic dismissal of criminal charges on completion of program's educational classes because Subsec. provides that defendant “may apply”, and “satisfactory compliance” necessarily requires that the court retain at least some discretion to determine if defendant has met conditions of program. 116 CA 788.